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一般过去时态和现在完成时态的区别及练习题
1、一般过去时态表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时态中动作为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。如:
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have already seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知了）
I haven’t finished my work yet. (强调对现在的影响，还有工作要做，不能去玩)
When did you finish your homework? (询问过去的动作所发生的时间，与现在无关)
2、一般过去时态表示动作在过去已经停止；现在完成时态表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在。如：
Ann visited her uncle last weekend.(visit这个动作在过去已经停止)
They have lived here since 1983. (live here 这个动作从1983年开始，一直延续到现在)
3、一般过去时态常用非延续性动词，如borrow, buy, come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become等。现在完成时态可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，与时间段连用时动词一般是延续性的，如keep, have, live, teach, learn, work, study, know, be等。如：
He joined the League three years ago .(join是短暂动词）
. . He has been in the League for three years.（be in表状态，在团内的状态可延续）
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可延续） 4、一般过去时态常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时态通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时态的时间状语：yesterday, last night/week/month/year…，…ago, in1980, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语. 现在完成时态的时间状语：for+时间段, since+过去的时间点/一般过去时态的句子, so far, , up to now, in the past ....years, 等，皆为不确定的时间状语。 如：
Tim wrote a letter to his brother last night. （last night 为具体的过去时间状语，所以用一般过去时态）
I’ve learned English for three years . （for three years为时间状语，是个时间段，时间跨度大，不具体）
学以致用
1．——When _____ you _____ to learn to skate?
----Five years ago.
. . A. do; start B. will; start
现在完成时态详细讲解及其练习
一、现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义：
①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常用的时间状语有many times，just，yet，ever，never，just，already，so far, by now等。
I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了。（现在我对它不感兴趣了）
——Have you found your lost pen yet?
——No, I haven’t found it yet.（我很着急）
②表示动作或者状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还将持续下去。用于延续性动词，常常与so far、for或者since短语连用。since + 时间点 /从句，for + 时间段，如for two months等。
二 、现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别
（1）现在完成时和一般过去时都能表示过去发生过的动作，但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响，并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去；
（2）而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系，仅表示过去的动作，且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如：in1949，yesterday，last week等的状语连用，并且用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时，一般只用一般过去时。
三、在“it is first/second...time that...。”或在“it/this/that is the +最高级+名词+that...。”结构中，that从句中的动词常用现在完成时；在“it + be ...+since从句”这一结构中，be可用一般现在时或现在完成时，since从句一般用过去时。 现在完成时可以和带有 since 或 for 等表示“一段时间”的状语连用，表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如： I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像 come, arrive, buy 等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。 现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrive→be here
. . die →be dead begin(start)→be on come back→be back fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) leave →be away get up→be up finish →be over open →be open close →be closed borrow →keep 或 be on →be in 或 be a member of… go to school→be a student buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) begin to study→study get to know →know come to work→work 等 如：
He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。
We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。
几点注意事项 （1）have been(to)与 have gone( to)的区别：
have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于 各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与 once , never, several times 等连用，后者则不能。
He has been to Beijing.他去过北京（已经回来了）
He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。 （还没有回来） have/has been in 待在某地 如：
They have been in Beijing.他们呆在北京。
（2）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连 用。 如：
I haven't left here since 1997.自从 1997 年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。
现在完成时态练习题
一 选择填空。
( ) 1. Her father ______in1990 and her husband ______for more than five years.
(A) died ,dead (B) has died, dead (C) died ,has been dead (D) has died, has died
( ) 2. I have _____this nice watch for two years.
(A) had (B) bought (C) borrowed (D) lend ( )
（ ）3.He _____his home for ten years.
(A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away from (D)was away from ( ) 4.He _____a league member for three years
(A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become
( ) 5.Lihua's brother has _______for two years
(A)joined the army(B)been an army (C)become a soldier (D)been in the army
( ) 6.He hasn't _____Quanzhou ever since he left school
(A) left (B)been away (C)been (D)away
( ) 7. ——Have you finished your homework
——Yes, I _______it last night
(A)finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish
( ) 8.—— ________you ever _______to Nanjing ——Yes, I ______there last year.
(A)Have…gone, have gone (B)Did…go, went (C)Have…been , went (D)Did…go, has , been )
( ) 9.——When _______you ________Lucy in New York? ——I _________her for two years
(A)did…meet, haven't seen (B)did…meet, don't see (C) have…met, haven't seen
( ) 10.He ______finished his homework yet .
( A) didn’t (B)haven’t (C) hasn’t (D) doesn’t have ( )11.——Have you ________traveled on the banch?
——Yes, I have.
(A)just (B)yet C)never (D)ever
( )12..——Have you finished your homework
——Not__________
(A)ever (B)already . (C)yet (D)just .
( ) 13 We haven't finished our homework，_____.
(A) already ( (B)ever (C)yet (D)never
( )14.——Have you__________ learned English?
——Yes, I've ________learned a lot.
(A)never, ever (B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever ( ) 15.——Have you finished your homework ________?
——Yes, I've _____done that.
(A)yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just
( )16.John's father _______borrowed some pictures
(A ) has just (B)have ever (C)has yet (D)have already
三 用 since 和 for 填空
1) ______ two years _______ two years ago
2) _______ last month
3) _______ yesterday
4) _______ an hour ago
5) ______ she left here
6) _______ 4 o’clock
7) ______ 1999
8) ______ 4 hours
9) _____ lunch time
10) He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
11)I’ve known him __________ we were children.
12) Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
13)She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
12)It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
四 单项选择题
( )1.My mother has worked in this factory _____2 years.
（A）about ( (B)for (C)in (D)since
（ )2. His father joined the party_________
(A)since three years ago (B)in two years' time (C)for three years (D)three years ago
3. The students have cleaned the classroom , ________?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we ________ here for three years.
A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone 5.- How long ______you_______ your dictionary? - About two months.
A. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought
6. He tells me he________ China for over five years .
A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to China
7.________has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _______ to Nanjing?
A. How soon , comes B. How often, got C. How long , came D. How far, arrived
8. His uncle________ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university
资源编号：ZY2160149；资源类别：(英语基础资料)；收集时间：2020-11-02；资源参考链接
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